Protein S-Nitrosylation Modification Profiling

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important intracellular signaling molecule that not only exerts biological effects through the cGMP signaling pathway, but can also regulate protein function through a parallel signal transduction pathway—S-nitrosylation modification. S-nitrosylation modification refers to the process where nitric oxide forms a covalent bond with the thiol group (-SH) of specific cysteine residues in proteins, creating a stable nitrosothiol structure. This modification is a reversible post-translational modification that not only alters the redox state of proteins, but more importantly enables:

• Regulation of enzyme activity: By modifying the chemical environment of active sites, it directly affects enzyme catalytic efficiency
• Control of subcellular localization: It influences protein nuclear localization, membrane targeting, and other spatial distribution patterns
• Modulation of protein-protein interactions: It alters the accessibility of protein recognition and binding sites

These mechanisms make S-nitrosylation a critical regulatory point for cells to sense and respond to physiological and pathological stimuli.

Figure 1. Most relevant cysteine oxidation states in the context of S-nitrosylation and possible pathways of interconversion. (Source: Bignon E, et al. 2018)

Our Services

Service Advantages

• High Sensitivity and Coverage
  By employing optimized enrichment strategies and high-resolution mass spectrometry technology, we can detect low-abundance nitrosylation modifications and identify multiple nitrosylation sites on individual proteins, ensuring a complete modification landscape.
• Precise Site Localization
  Through advanced data analysis methods, we not only identify S-nitrosylation sites but also provide high-confidence scores, ensuring the reliability of our results.
• Optimized Sample Consumption
  Compared to conventional methods, our technical approach requires significantly lower sample amounts, making it particularly suitable for analyzing precious or rare specimens.
• Comprehensive Biological Interpretation
  Beyond providing modification data, we integrate bioinformatics analysis to deeply elucidate the relationships between nitrosylation modifications and protein function, disease phenotypes.
• Diverse Sample Support
  We support multiple types of biological samples, including tissues, cells, and body fluids, with broad application prospects.

Workflow

Sample Submission Guidelines

• Solid Sample Types and Quantities

  Sample Type	Recommended Amount
  Conventional animal tissues (brain, heart, liver, kidney, etc.)	≥300 mg
  Soft tissues (plant leaves, flowers, etc.)	≥300 mg
  Bacterial cells	≥500 mg
  Fungal cells	≥8 g
  Cultured cells	≥8×10⁷ cells

• Liquid Sample Types and Quantities

  Sample Type	Recommended Amount
  Serum/plasma	≥1 mL
  Urine	≥50 mL
  Other body fluids	≥500 μL
  Secreted proteins (cell culture supernatant, brain tissue secretion, etc.)	≥10 mL

• We will perform sample quality testing prior to analysis
• For samples with low protein concentration or excessive impurities, optimization of processing methods may be necessary
• If advance assessment is needed, you may submit a small portion of the sample for pre-screening