Once a compound collection is in hand, the practical question becomes which molecules actually do something. Compound-library screening answers that experimentally, using assays and biophysical methods to detect activity or binding across many compounds at once. It is the empirical counterpart to computational screening: where virtual screening narrows a library in silico, experimental screening confirms which compounds genuinely interact with the target.
Different questions call for different screening formats. A functional or biochemical assay measures whether a compound changes the target's activity, which is often the most directly relevant signal. Structural and biophysical methods instead detect the physical event of binding — crystal soaking reveals where and how a ligand sits in the binding site, while label-free resonance-based analysis measures affinity and binding kinetics in solution. Used together, they separate true binders from assay artifacts and give each compound's behavior a mechanistic explanation.
Running these campaigns in house requires assay infrastructure, crystallization or biophysics instrumentation, and the throughput to test libraries systematically. Many teams outsource to keep access to several screening formats without maintaining every platform, and to obtain results that are consistent across an entire library rather than dependent on one instrument's condition on the day.
The three formats answer different questions and are most informative when combined: an activity screen tells you a compound matters, a structure tells you how, and a binding measurement tells you how tightly and how fast.
| Approach | What it measures | Strength | Question it answers |
| High-throughput screening (HTS) | Activity of the target in a biochemical or functional assay | Tests large libraries quickly against a defined readout | Does a compound change the target's activity? |
| Crystal soaking | Ligand binding observed directly in a crystal structure | Reveals the binding site and pose at atomic resolution | Where and how does the compound bind? |
| Surface plasmon resonance | Real-time binding affinity and kinetics in solution | Label-free and quantitative; detects weak or non-covalent binders | How tightly and how fast does it bind? |
Screening results are only meaningful if the positives are real and the negatives are not missed. We run campaigns under consistent conditions, re-test anything that looks promising, and use a complementary method to confirm binding before calling a compound a hit — so the list you receive is one you can act on. Access to activity, structural, and biophysical formats in one place means hits can be confirmed and characterized without moving the project between providers.